Space environment
Space environment or locally related space climate
Cosmic radiation[edit | edit source]
Hard cosmic radiation is cause by neutrons with energies up to 10^21 eV.
Micrometeoroid and Debris[edit | edit source]
The orbital environment of a planet usually encounters debris and micrometeoroids traveling at average 7 km/s and up to 20 km/s. The interplanetary environment and interstellar medium usually has micrometeoroids traveling at 70+ km/s on average. The intergalactic medium has micrometeoroids traveling at 1700 km/s. A gas and debris cloud from a supernova can travel at 10% of lightspeed or 30000 km/s.
Solar storm[edit | edit source]
Solar wind of an average G star can travel up to 2000 km/s.
Asteroid belt, Oort cloud[edit | edit source]
Nebula[edit | edit source]
A gas and debris cloud from a supernova can travel at 10% of lightspeed or 30000 km/s.
Gravity well[edit | edit source]
List of escape velocities[edit | edit source]
Location | Relative to | Ve (km/s)[1] | Location | Relative to | Ve (km/s)[1] | System escape, Vte (km/s) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
On the Sun | The Sun's gravity | 617.5 | |||||
On Mercury | Mercury's gravity | 4.25 | At Mercury | The Sun's gravity | ~ 67.7 | ~ 20.3 | |
On Venus | Venus's gravity | 10.36 | At Venus | The Sun's gravity | 49.5 | 17.8 | |
On Earth | Earth's gravity | 11.186 | At Earth/the Moon | The Sun's gravity | 42.1 | 16.6 | |
On the Moon | The Moon's gravity | 2.38 | At the Moon | The Earth's gravity | 1.4 | 2.42 | |
On Mars | Mars' gravity | 5.03 | At Mars | The Sun's gravity | 34.1 | 11.2 | |
On Ceres | Ceres's gravity | 0.51 | At Ceres | The Sun's gravity | 25.3 | 7.4 | |
On Jupiter | Jupiter's gravity | 60.20 | At Jupiter | The Sun's gravity | 18.5 | 60.4 | |
On Io | Io's gravity | 2.558 | At Io | Jupiter's gravity | 24.5 | 7.6 | |
On Europa | Europa's gravity | 2.025 | At Europa | Jupiter's gravity | 19.4 | 6.0 | |
On Ganymede | Ganymede's gravity | 2.741 | At Ganymede | Jupiter's gravity | 15.4 | 5.3 | |
On Callisto | Callisto's gravity | 2.440 | At Callisto | Jupiter's gravity | 11.6 | 4.2 | |
On Saturn | Saturn's gravity | 36.09 | At Saturn | The Sun's gravity | 13.6 | 36.3 | |
On Titan | Titan's gravity | 2.639 | At Titan | Saturn's gravity | 7.8 | 3.5 | |
On Uranus | Uranus' gravity | 21.38 | At Uranus | The Sun's gravity | 9.6 | 21.5 | |
On Neptune | Neptune's gravity | 23.56 | At Neptune | The Sun's gravity | 7.7 | 23.7 | |
On Triton | Triton's gravity | 1.455 | At Triton | Neptune's gravity | 6.2 | 2.33 | |
On Pluto | Pluto's gravity | 1.23 | At Pluto | The Sun's gravity | ~ 6.6 | ~ 2.3 | |
At Solar System galactic radius | The Milky Way's gravity | 492–594[2][3] | |||||
On the event horizon | A black hole's gravity | 299,792.458 (speed of light) |
The last two columns will depend precisely where in orbit escape velocity is reached, as the orbits are not exactly circular (particularly Mercury and Pluto).
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 For planets: Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite journal
- ↑ Template:Cite journal